| App.
3000 B.C.: |
Kashmir
clan is named in Mahabharata. |
| 2629-2564 B.C.: |
Rule
by King Sandiman. |
| 2082-2041
B.C.: |
Rule
by King Sunder Sen rules Kashmir. |
| 1048-1008 B.C.: |
King Nara rules
Kashmir. |
| 250
B.C.: |
Shrinagari
(today's Srinagar is located about three miles from Shrinagari) near the
ancient capital Pandhrenatha is founded by Ashoka the Great. |
| 7th century: |
King Lalitaditya
builds the famous Sun temple and formed the city of Pharihaspura. |
| 813-850: |
Pampore
was founded by Padma, during the rule of King Ajatapida |
| 855-883: |
King Avantivarman
builds the town of Avantipur and the famous Sun temple. |
| 883-902: |
King
Shankaravarman builds Shankarapura-pattan (now known as Pattan). |
| 1128-1149: |
Reign of King Jayasim. |
| mid-12th: |
Muslim
invasion of Kashmir. |
| 1322 |
Turks, under
ferocious Zulkadur Khan, first invade Kashmir. |
| 1394-1416: |
Central
Asian ruler, Sikander invades Kashmir and brings about mass conversion
to Islam. After the tyranny of Sikander was over, only eleven Kashmiri
Hindu families survive. |
| 1540: |
Mirz Haidar, a
relative of Humayun (of the Moghul invader dynasty) conquers Kashmir.
Kashmir gradually absorbed into Moghul Empire. |
| 1810-1820: |
Maharajah
Ranjit Singh, one of the greatest rulers of India, regains Jammu and
appointed his Dogra feudatory Gulab Singh to rule the State. |
| Mar 16, 1846: |
The
present State is created by a treaty
between the British East India Company acting on behalf of the British
Government and Maharajah Gulab Singh in Amritsar. |
| 1931: |
One
of the worst communal riots led by Sheikh Abdullah and his Muslim
Conference. |
| 1939: |
Muslim Conference
becomes the National Conference. |
| Aug
15, 1947: |
India
gains independence. The ruler of Kashmir, Maharaja Hari Singh yet to
make up his mind regarding accession. |
| Oct 22, 1947: |
Pakistan violates
the Standstill Agreement by preventing essential supplies to the State,
then hoards of armed Pakistani tribesman entered Kashmir. |
| Oct
26, 1947: |
Hari
Singh signs the instrument
of accession, it is no different than the one signed by over 500
other rulers. The accession of Kashmir was accepted by the Governor
General of India Lord Mountbatten. |
| Oct 27, 1947: |
The first Indian
forces arrived in Kashmir to defend against Pakistani troops. |
| Dec
31, 1947: |
A
highly unconstitutional offer of plebiscite was made by Prime Minister
Nehru in the U.N. |
| Jan 1, 1948: |
India under Nehru
declares a unilateral cease-fire and under Article 35 of the U.N.
Charter, India
files a complaint with the U.N. Security Council. Pakistan
still controls 2/5 of the State. |
| Jan
20, 1948: |
The
U.N. Security Council in its resolution of establishes the United
Nations Commission for India and Pakistan (UNCIP). |
| Jul 1948: |
Mohd. Zafrulla
Khan, then the Foreign Minister of Pakistan and principal Delegate of
Pakistan in the U.N. admits to the U.N. Commission for India and
Pakistan that the Pakistani Army had been in Kashmir. |
| Aug
13, 1948: |
UNCIP
adopts a resolution on Kashmir accepted by both India and Pakistan.
Pakistan is blamed for the invasion of Kashmir and is instructed to
withdraw its forces from Kashmir. |
| Jan 1, 1949: |
Amidst great
tension, one minute before midnight, India and Pakistan concluded a
formal cease fire agreement. |
| Jan
5, 1949: |
Almost
a year after Nehru's offer of plebiscite, the UNCIP
passes a resolution that states that, "The question of
accession of the state of Jammu and Kashmir to India or Pakistan will be
decided through the democratic method of free and impartial
plebiscite". However, Pakistan has yet to comply with the earlier
resolution and withdraw from the State. Also, Pakistan is now busy
changing the demographic composition of the State. |
| 1949: |
Not withstanding
the opposition by several authors of the Indian Constitution, including
Dr. Ambedkar, its chief architect, Article
370 was inserted in the constitution of India. This article
is meant as a temporary measure, to be in effect until the formal
constitution of Jammu and Kashmir is drafted. |
| Jun
1948: |
Sheikh
Abdullah declares, "We the
people of Jammu and Kashmir, have thrown our lot with Indian people not
in the heat of passion or a moment of despair, but by a deliberate
choice. The union of our people has been fused by the community of
ideals and common sufferings in the cause of freedom". |
| 1949: |
Following the
cabinet decision taken by the Abdullah Government, Hari Singh steps
down. Hari Singh's son, Karan Singh is named his successor. |
| Apr
1950 |
UN
Security Council appoints Sir Owen Dixon as the UN representative in
place of UNCIP to find expeditious and enduring solution to the
India-Pakistan dispute over Kashmir. |
| Oct 1950: |
General Council of
the National Conference demands elections to create a Constituent
Assembly. |
| Sep
1951: |
Elections
for the Constituent Assembly are held The National Conference wins all
45 seats unopposed. |
| Oct 1951: |
Constituent
Assembly of the State of Jammu and Kashmir is inaugurated. |
| Nov
5, 1951: |
The
Constituent Assembly is given four tasks by Sheikh Abdullah which
including the accession to India. |
| Nov-Dec 1951: |
Karan Singh steps
down as the ruler, and is elected by the Constituent Assembly of the
Jammu and Kashmir State as Sardar- i-Riyasat (Governor). |
| 1952: |
Jana
Sangh begins campaign called "Ek Vidhan Ek Pradhan" (One
Constitution, one leader) and demands that the State of Jammu and
Kashmir be totally integrated into India and that the people from the
other States be able to visit Jammu and Kashmir without a passport. |
| 1952: |
Jana Sang leader
Shyamaprasad Mukherjee dies in a Kashmiri Jail under mysterious
circumstances. |
| Aug
9, 1953: |
Sheikh
Abdullah is arrested. He had turned corrupt and autocrat. He tried to
hold India for ransom by giving increasingly anti-India speeches and
preserve his power. |
| Feb 1954: |
Under the
leadership of Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad DEMOCRATICALLY ELECTED Constituent
Assembly of the State of Jammu and Kashmir ratified the State's
accession to India. |
| May
14, 1954: |
The
President of India promulgates the Constitution (Application to Jammu
and Kashmir) Order placing on a final footing the applicability of the
other provisions of the Indian Constitution to Jammu and Kashmir. |
| 1956: |
Constitution
(Seventh Amendment) Act 1956, the category of Part B State was abolished
and Jammu and Kashmir was included as one of the States of India under
Article I. However, Article 370 of the Indian constitution is still
retained. |
| Jan
26, 1957: |
After
the formal inauguration of its constitution, the Constituent Assembly
dissolves itself. |
| 1958: |
All-India services
extended to J and K through an amendment in Article 312. |
| 1964: |
Sheikh
Abdullah released from the prison. |
| 1965: |
Pakistan attacks
India, in operation code named, Gibraltar. The defeat of Pakistan
results in the Tashkent
Agreement between the two countries. |
| Mar
30, 1965: |
Article
249 of Indian Constitution extended to Jammu and Kashmir whereby the
center could legislate on any matter enumerated in state list (just like
in any other State in the Union). Designations like Prime Minister and
President of the State are replace by Chief Minister and Governor. |
| 1971: |
Pakistani attack on
India results in the third war between the two countries. Pakistan is
completely defeated, over 90,000 of its men surrendered. |
| 1972: |
India
and Pakistan sign the Shimla
Pact. Two agree to respect the line of control until the
issue is finally resolved. |
| Feb 24-25, 1975: |
Following an accord
signed by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and Sheikh Abdullah on
February 24, 1975, Jammu and Kashmir is made a "Constituent
Unit" of India on February 25, 1975. Through this accord Indian
Parliament reaffirms its right to legislate on any matter concerning the
territory of the State. |
| 1977: |
National
Conference wins the first post-Emergency elctions. |
| 1982: |
Sheikh Abdullah
nominates his son, Farooq Abdullah as his successor setting up a
political rivalry between Farooq Abdullah and his brother-in-law G. M.
Shah. |
| 1986: |
In
one of the most shameful acts of religious massacre, several ancient
historical Hindu temples are destroyed and scores of Hindus were killed
in the city of Anantnag. Chief Minister G. M. Shah looses power to his
brother-in-law Farooq Abdullah. |
| 1990-1991: |
In a spate of
terrorist violence, 2400 people have died so far, and 300,000 people
have been driven out of their homes. Pakistan's involvement in this
carnage of violence is beyond doubt. |
