Kashmir Issue: New Perspectives

TEXT  OF  JUSTICE  M. L. BHAT'S  PAPER

We are members of the Kashmiri Pandit community which is a microscopic ethnic minority in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Kashmir being a part of India is in an utter shambles at this time and has been facing this situation for the last 10 years. Our ethos, culture and heritage is sought to be completely destroyed by the terrorists, materially and morally helped by Pakistan. 

 To avenge their defeats at the hands of India, Pakistan embarked on sponsoring terrorism in Kashmir. It is a matter of common knowledge that, for the last 10 years, the people of Kashmir, particularly Kashmiri Hindus and Hindus of the Doda district in Jammu, in particular, are under perpetual threat from the Pakistani-sponsored militants. They lured and tempted the uneducated youth to take arms against their own brethren with whom they had lived for centuries in peace and tranquillity. 

The Proxy War

As armed insurgency was supervised, controlled and directed from across the border, sophisticated weapons were smuggled into Kashmir by the Pakistan army and their ISI agency and lethal weapons pumped into the Valley. These arms were not meant for fighting the Indian armed forces in open battle but were meant for killing the innocent local people who had lived there for centuries. It was the most barbaric, inhuman and dangerous venture which could be launched against innocent Kashmiris consisting of Muslims, Hindus, Sikhs and other communities by Pakistan alone. The Kashmiri 

Pandit community was the prime target of the brutalities perpetuated by the armed terrorists. A reign of terror was let loose in January 1990 and the minority Kashmiri Hindus were driven out at gun-point from the Valley. They became refugees in their own homeland and sought refuge in Jammu, Delhi and various other places. They left their homes and hearths behind which now stand destroyed or have been forcibly occupied by the armed insurgents. 

 The Pakistan government has a direct responsibility for the disaster which the armed insurgents have heaped on the Kashmiri people. It is shocking that this is being done in the name of religion. The wholesale massacre of the Kashmiri population who are innocent and unarmed is termed as 'Holy War'. 

British Government Sidetracking Facts

No country has thought it proper to condemn the Pakistan government for the brutalities they have inflicted on the Kashmiri people. British society, which has a glorious past and who is known for its high traditions and value-based diplomacy, could play an important role in stopping the brutalities and massacre resorted to by Pakistan-sponsored terrorists. It is rather shocking that this Labour government instead of addressing itself to the relevant issues of saving innocent persons from being killed, is bogged down in pursuing irrelevant issues. 

 Plebiscite/referendum has become obsolete as the solution for the Kashmir problem. For conducting plebiscite, other pre-conditions were to be complied with by Pakistan. They had to withdraw their entire army from every part of Kashmir and restore possession thereof to its erstwhile ruler whose 
successor in interest is the Government of India. Without complying with these fundamental conditions, the holding of plebiscite could not be considered. Pakistan has frustrated UN resolutions in this regard. They agreed after a gap of about 24 years, considering the futility of the UN resolution, to resolve the dispute bilaterally, peacefully and without the intervention of any third party. 

 Moreover, Pakistan was aware that much water had flown under the bridges of Kashmir and the people have been living in peace there after having thrown their lot with the Indian Union. By now, general elections have taken place to the Legislative Assembly there nine times since 1952 and the people of the State have voted consistently in accordance with democratic norms and have elected governments of their choice. 

Simla Agreement

The Simla Agreement paved the way in 1972 after it was signed for resolution of the Kashmir dispute in the manner indicated above. The entire world is aware of subsequent developments. The present British government, instead of persuading Pakistan to stop aiding and abetting armed insurgents, are raising artificial issues of the Kashmir dispute and false allegations about human rights violations. It is an irony that the country with an historical background which, has saved the world from Nazi and Fascist onslaught, is by their conspicuous silence and by side tracking the suffering and misery of the Kashmiri people, glorifying Pakistan's armed crusade against innocent Kashmiri people, not only Hindus but members of the Muslim community in large number, have been killed and are being killed at present. Thousands of Hindus and Muslims have been eliminated and a tremendous amount of blood has been shed on the soil of Kashmir in the last 10 years. 

 We are the citizens of the largest democracy of the world, that is India, who are inspired by the British system of rule and by its democratic concepts; we do hope that the British government will come forward and raise its voice against the barbaric and inhuman killings of Kashmiri people at the hands of Pakistan-sponsored terrorists. 

 The only issue which needs to be resolved at present is the withdrawal of armed insurgents from the soil of Kashmir and stoppage of the shedding of blood and the killing of innocent people in Kashmir. Pakistani-sponsored terrorism has been violating human rights continuously for the last one decade. The British government is worried about the rights of armed terrorists and do not care a fig about the violation of human rights of innocent people who are considered a soft target by being killed by the armed insurgents. 

 Of late Pakistan has been pushing Afghanis, Sudanese and Pakistanis inside Kashmir itself to continue the killing of innocent Kashmiris. These mercenaries have hijacked the terrorism and are perpetuating brutal killings on Kashmiri people. The local Muslims have realised the nefarious gameplan of Pakistan and are disgusted with the ugly situation brought about by the terrorists. People in Kashmir want to live in peace. They abhor bloodshed, violence and killing of their fellow Kashmiris. 

Rich Sufi Traditions

Kashmir has been an abode of saints and sages who were from both Hindu and Muslim communities. They have preached peace and brotherhood, love and affection among the people irrespective of religious considerations. The rich traditions of Kashmir culture are also sought to be destroyed. The worst example of the same can be found in the burning of a pious mosque in Central Kashmir by a hardcore terrorist of Pakistan, Mastgul. There are hundreds of examples of this nature which only show that Pakistan has no love for the people of Kashmir, they only have lust for its land. They have behaved like the enemies of the Kashmiri people. 

Sufferings of Migrants

We would therefore like to make an appeal to Prime Minister Tony Blair and his government and to the British people to raise their voice and mobilise the world opinion against Pakistan-sponsored terrorism in Kashmir and about its dreaded consequences. The 'Unholy War' which is fought by proxy by Pakistan against the innocent people of Kashmir must end. The Biritish government should also see the plight of the Kashmiri Pandit community who were hounded out from Kashmir and are at present living in sub-human conditions in refugee camps al Jammu and Delhi. They have undergone and at present are also undergoing untold miseries and sufferings. They have lost their business, belongings, property, houses and hearths. 

 The British interest is not going to suffer if they raise their voice against the brutalities of the terrorists in Kashmir and if they advocate that war against the innocent people oF Kashmir must be stopped forthwith and Pakistan be treated as a terrorist country. The British government will be acting only in tune with its glorious traditions. 

 Three lakh (300,000) members of the Kashmiri Pandit community need to be saved from extinction anti it is time that the world community in general old the British people in particular, considered the necessity ot their rehabilitation in their homeland. This is possible only if terrorism is stopped and Pakistan is told in clear terms by its friends, including the Labour government, to withdraw the mercenaries from the soil of Kashmir and put an end to all types of terrorism. An atmosphere of peace and tranquillity is to he restored which has been spoiled by Pakistan's machinations. 

 We have deep faith in the democratic values, peace and love for humanity. We do not consider violence as a solution tor resolving any problem. Our deep faith in peace has prevented us from advocating and preparing our youth to resort to arms, to retaliate to the terrorist brutality in the stale of Jammu and Kashmir. 

TEXT  OF  SHRI  ASHOK  BHAN'S  PAPER

Kashmir today is without Kashmiri Pandits. A religious minorily, with its 5,000 years of evidenced history and roots linked with Kashmir, was under a concerted plan of ethnic cleansing, forcibly hounded out enmasse from their natural habitat. 

Kashmir Sans Kashmiri Pandits

This community was reduced to minuscule minority by cultural aggressions in the past and, therefore, in 1947, according to census figures, the population of this community was 15%, in 1981 5%, in 1991 .01% and today a big 99.9% of this community (about 350,000) population has been forced to flee Kashmir. These 350,000 Kashmiri Pandits live in abysmal/appalling conditions, 'as refugees', in camps in Jammu and Delhi. This mass exodus of 1990 was followed by sustained terror, rapes, murder, loot and kidnappings. About 1,500 Kashmiri Pandits, including women and children, were brutally killed, about 250 religious shrines were burnt down and 30,000 agricultural families deprived of their lands, 20,000 business establishments looted and devastated, more than 30,000 houses reduced  to ashes and 90% of the houses looted and about 25,000 vacant houses and other properties left behind have been forcibly occupied. 

A Devastated Community

As a result of this carefully drawn-our strategy and plan of ethno-religious cleansing of Kashmin Pandits by the armed insurgents, this community is today scattered, devastated and disintegrated. It is living in sub-human conditions in more then 50 refugee camps in different parts of India. All that they get from the government is 25.00 pounds only per month per family of four. The community is enormously suffering from a serious health trauma, increased psychological strain, poverty and unhygienic conditions. The mortality rate is high due to natural and unnatural causes, more than 5,000 persons have died due to changed environment. This community is facing extinction due to increased death rate and a very low birth rate. The birth rate has reduced to only 7 per hundred families. 

 During the last two years alone, militants have killed hundreds of people, including a large number of women and children, and even infants have not been spared. In Sangrampora and Wandhama villages of the Valley, 35 Kashmiri Pandits were killed, in Chapnari village of Jammu 26 innocent Hindus were killed, in Shahna-Thakraie village of Jammu 16 innocent people were killed, in Gool Gulabgarh village in Jammu 6 Kashmiri Pandits were killed and another 26 people were killed in Chamba village. 

    Pakistanis engaged in trans-border terrorism and indulged in international crimes characterized as gross human rights violations. The devices of pilotless aircraftslaid with lethal material are being sent to J&K state. The mercenaries, after wearing Indian Army uniforms, indulge in killings masquerading as army personnel to unleash hatred against the security forces who are engaged in safeguarding the lives and property of the people. The international terrorist Bin Laden is threatening to send Islamic mercenaries to Kashmir for making it a graveyard. This calls for a grave concern of the international community for the human rights situation of the people in Kashmir. 

Terrifying Statistics

To be more precise, the terrorist violence has brought about a disaster to all the communities in Kashmir, its culture, its development, its overall social conditions and so on. Following are the figures of the incidents of violence, killing, kidnapping, extortion, destruction of properties and recovery of weapons from mercenaries which indicate the magnitude of the miseries suffered by Kashmiris. 

Table I: Terrorist Violence in J&K

Year	Total Incidents	Attacks on SF	Attacks on Others	Explosion & Arson	Other Incidents
1988	390	6	1	142	241
1989	2154	49	73	840	1192
1990	3905	1098	485	1810	512
1991	3122	1999	321	611	191
1992	4971	3413	507	744	307
1993	4457	2573	539	900	445
1994	6895	2675	1594	1774	852
1995	6819	2570	1836	1633	780
1996	5523	1473	2133	1260	657
1997	3421	1212	1399	672	457
1998 (June)	1213	458	505	256	20
Total	42870	17526	9393	10642	5654

Table II: Killings in Terrorist Violence

Year	1988-91	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998 (June)	Total
Total Killed	2693	1909	2567	2867	2768	2858	2199	831	18691
SF Personnel	331	177	216	199	234	185	186	85	1613
Govt. Officials	123	36	34	26	46	67	26	8	366
Top Political Leaders	1	-	2	6	1	5	-	-	15
Politicians	37	4	8	6	12	29	20	5	121
Judiciary	5	-	1	-	2	2	-	-	10
Pressmen	3	1	1	2	2	1	-	-	10
Hindus	228	67	87	95	99	110	55	96	837
Muslims	1121	706	841	858	983	1217	828	326	6880
Sikhs	18	10	7	5	2	3	-	1	46
Others	28	35	40	73	55	30	9	-	270
Militants	798	873	1330	1596	1332	1209	1075	310	8523
Foreign Tourists	1	-	-	1	1	-	-	-	3

Table III: Kidnappings by Militants

 * Israelis-7, Swedish-2, Dutch-1, Japanese-1, French-1, British-4, Americans-2, German-1 and Norweign-1.

 ** In most cases released after extortion, torture, exchange of militants, rape (Remaining untraced).

Table IV: Criminal Acts Extortion* & Lootings by Militants

  * Only a small fraction of such cases is reported.

Components of Low-Intensity War

Pakistan's strategy of continuing a low-intensity war with India has the following components, (i) intensification of terrorist activities in a wide area extending from J&K to the North-East, especially Assam; (ii) strengthening the strategic alliance between Kashmiri militants and international terrorist groups; (iii) focusing on coordinated attacks by the militant outfits on the security forces in J&K and the North-East, (iv) using the neighbouring countries to the north and east of India for executing terrorist activities in India and (v) strengthening the propaganda against India. Through revamping the Sada-e-Hurriyat, a clandestine channel run by ISI, Pakistan and ISI agency has a direct hand in infiltrating Afghans and other mercenaries into J&K State and in creating militant outfits known as Hizbul-Mujahidin, Lashkar-e-Markaz-ul-Dowerwal, Harkat-ul-Mujahideen, which is the renamed version of Harkat-ul-Ansar, that has been declared as a terrorist outfit by USA. ISI has spread its tentacles in communally sensitive areas of UP, Bihar and Assam for creating a nexus between various Pan-Islamic outfits. Indo-Pak border vulnerability to drug trafficking is being used by ISI. 479 kgs and 420 kgs. of heroin of Pakistan-Afghanistan origin were seized in 1995-1996 and about 640 kgs seized in 1997. The menance of drug trafficking along the Indo-Pak border has assumed alarming proportions. 

Change in Militancy Pattern

The concerns voiced by international community through the UN Human Rights Commission, the U.N. General Assembly, the National Human Rights Commission of India, to which the complaints have already been made of the violations of human rights of the Kashmiri people, have not brought about any peace in Kashmir; instead the pattern of militancy has changed. The United States has taken tough measures to deal with the menace of international terrorism. The Indian nation-state shall also be called upon to deal sternly with terrorists to ensure the full enjoyment of the human rights by the citizens. 

 The countries from where the terrorists receive support and material and moral back-up should be put on notice, that if they do not stop arming, training and supporting the trans-border terrorism and bring the perpetrators of human rights violatios to book, such country shall be declared as a 'Terrorist State' by the international community and severe sanctions and censures shall be applied, then only the menace of terrorism can be effectively eliminated and perpetrators of massive and gross violations of human rights can be punished. 

Table V: Destruction of Property by Militants

Year	Total Incidents	Govt. Bldg.	Educational Institutions	Hospitals	Private Houses	Bridges	Shops
1988	128	4	4	-	19	1	-
1989	294	191	172	-	427	16	-
1990	646	501	129	-	1242	172	202
1991	391	45	24	-	819	24	83
1992	564	65	57	-	2312	28	200
1993	662	98	46	-	1110	34	400
1994	606	172	119	4	666	46	162
1995	688	127	133	2	1814	16	402
1996	482	52	68	3	602	2	161
1997	259	13	11	1	437	5	67
1998 (June)	164	9	7	-	112	-	31
Total	4858	1277	770	10	9560	344	1708

Table VI: Recovery of Weapons from Militants

Weapons/Explosives	1988-93	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998 (June)	Total Incidents
Rocket Launchers	550	31	36	43	81	94	835
Machine Guns	640	141	81	96	76	26	1060
AK Series Rifles	10275	2196	2055	2150	1725	590	18991
Sniper Rifles	77	41	38	49	60	26	292
Pistols/Revolvers	3413	940	965	1052	1024	313	7655
Ammunition (Assorted) (thousands)	1390	446	342	343	270	147	2903
Grenandes	12846	2603	2870	3949	5124	2361	29753
Rockets	1140	395	170	378	479	277	2839
Rocket Boosters	602	66	24	119	208	72	1091
Mines	2391	1049	634	552	408	404	5579
Guns	285	223	370	303	191	61	1433
Explosives (Kg.)	6265	1342	1484	2382	6448	1352	18173
Bombs	1384	56	126	31	204	80	1881
Grenade Launchers	11	56	27	21	98	30	243
Mortar	12	7	12	3	3	51	88
WT Sets	298	211	246	413	302	233	1703

Human Rights Violations of KPs

In India, Parliament enacted an Act to provide for constitution of a National Human Rights Commission, State Human Rights Commissions in the states and Human Rights Courts for better protection of human rights and for all matters  connected therewith and incidental thereto, in 1993, which is called; the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. This Act applies to whole of India. The Kashmiri Pandits have brought their massive violations of human rights to the notice of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) way back in 1995-1996, through a detailed petition/ memorandum filed by Panun Kashmir and Kashmiri     Samiti Delhi and others, the representative organizations of Kashmiri Pandits. 

 The NHRC has heard the petitioners in person and through their lawyers, issued notices to the Union of India and J&K Government. 

 The hearings have reached advance stages. Full quorum of NHRC visited J&K State in November 1998 and interacted with wider sections of people and the Kashmiri Pandits. 

 A team headed by Director-General Investigations of the NHRC went to the State in February 1998 to probe into the causes of killing of 26 innocent Kashmiri Pandits, including 9 women, 6 children and 2 infants, besides investigating the other violations of the human rights. Interim measures to provide security and compensation to the remaining Kashmiri Pandits was instantly taken by the NHRC. The lone survivor, a young boy, was provided with necessary wherewithal for his upbringing, including his education, till he grows up. The NHRC is presently looking into the problem of and causes for distress sales of immovable properties by the Kashmiri Pandits, left behind in Kashmir. The J&K Govt. has been called upon by the NHRC to prepare details and inventories of the properties left behind at district levels, and submit the same to it. 

Alarming Security Situation on Border

The security situation along the Indo-Pak border continues to be very alarming. The tensions and killings in various parts of the State are a continuing phenomenon. The State and Central governments are primary engaged in combating the security-related problems. Kashmiri Pandit problems have, however, received no serious considerations, except that the Home Minister, Shri L.K. Advani, made statements that their (Kashmir) Pandits) problem is a priority item on the Central Govt.'s policy agenda. 

 Today Kashmiri society is on historical cross-roads. Its peaceful ethos, its liberal Islam, its culture of Sufi saints, its Kashmiriyat and its image as a strong citadel of co-existence and pluralistic society lay shattered and devastated by the decade-old violence by terrorists and mercenaries. The threat of foisting an alien way of life on Kashmiris by pan-Islamic fanatics is very grave. The Kashmiri society, which is predominantly Muslim, has to make the choice between the Taliban-type pan-Islamic fanatic way of life and/or the pluralistic, peaceful democratic and modern way of life. Kashmiris have to decide for themselves. They have to seriously introspect the happenings and violence of the past one decade and decide about the future socio-political dispensation under which they have to live. 

 The ethno-religious minority of Kashmiri Pandits which has the original indigenous roots in history linked with Kashmir, have inalienable right of life in that land. Nobody can wish away their rights in the land. If the democratic way of life has to exist and function genuinely in Kashmir, all the violence and terrorism has to end. The violence perpetrated from across the border by Pakistan, ISI operators and other groups has to come to an end. There is a need to enlarge the political space in Kashmir to encompass the views which have not yet been heard, or have not yet participated, for setting up the trend towards a greater tolerant and pluralistic process. Kashmiris are today longing for deciding their matters through peaceful and democratic process - we all must nurture and develop such processes which can put an overall end to the death and destruction phenomenon unleashed by violence in the beautiful vale of Kashmir. 

 Any new dispensation for lasting solutions in whichever form is incomplete without the presence, participation and physical involvement of the Kashmiri Pandit community as a whole in the overall length and breadth of the Valley. 

 We humbly appeal to the United Kingdom's public and official opinion to emphatically urge Pakistan to stop trans-border terrorism on the peaceful people of Kashmir and allow us to pick up once again the peaceful, pluralistic and democratic way of life. Enough is enough. In Kashmir, much blood has been shed by now, please allow us to reknit, reweave and revive the ethos of Kashmir once again for the full enjoyment of human development. 

 All the measures that reduce tensions and build confidence must be pursued by India and Pakistan bilaterally and the international community, including Great Britain, must sincerely strengthen such processes, to live up to the ideals of universal peace and for upholding the human rights of all and one. 

Source: Koshur Samachar